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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pribor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Приборостроение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Instrument Engineering</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3454</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0381</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/0021-3454-2025-68-3-228-238</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pribor-354</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ И АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COMPUTER MODELING AND DESIGN AUTOMATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод высокоуровневого проектирования микроархитектуры нейроморфных процессоров на основе явного отделения вычислений от потока транзакций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Method of high-level microarchitecture design of neuromorphic processors based on explicit separation of computations from transaction flow</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукашов</surname><given-names>И. Ы.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukashov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Викторович Лукашов — аспирант, факультет программной инженерии и компьютерной техники; мл. научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Lukashov — Post-Graduate Student, Faculty of Software Engineering and Computer Science; Junior Researcher</p><p>St. Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lukashov@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Александрович Антонов — канд. техн. наук, факультет программной инженерии и компьютерной техники; доцент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Antonov — PhD, Faculty of Software Engineering and Computer Science; Associate Professor</p><p>St. Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonov@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кустарев</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kustarev</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Валерьевич Кустарев — канд. техн. наук, факультет программной инженерии и компьютерной техники; доцент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Kustarev — PhD, Faculty of Software Engineering and Computer Science; Associate Professor</p><p>St. Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kustarev@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>228</fpage><lpage>238</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/354">https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/354</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены оригинальный метод и прототип инструментального программного обеспечения для проектирования нейроморфных процессоров. Метод основан на высокоуровневом описании аппаратуры с явным (на уровне исходного кода) выделением потоков конвейерных транзакций, циркулирующих внутри аппаратной структуры, и отделением производимых при этом вычислений от логики динамического планирования и контроля потоков. Такой подход позволяет гибко комбинировать алгоритмы обработки данных с актуальными механизмами улучшения производительности и энергопотребления в аппаратной микроархитектуре, эффективно разделять ответственность при разработке сложной аппаратуры, повторно использовать автоконфигурируемые микроархитектурные структуры. Предлагается формализация концепции транзакции (в заданном контексте), маршрут проектирования аппаратуры на основе транзакций и алгоритм синтеза RTL-дизайна нейроморфных процессоров на основе „транзакционных“ описаний. Описан разработанный прототип инструментального обеспечения для синтеза процессоров, построенный на базе фреймворка для программно-управляемой генерации аппаратуры. Применение предлагаемого метода и компонентов САПР демонстрируется на примере разработки оригинального нейроморф­ного процессора, исполняющего модели полносвязных импульсных нейронных сетей. Данная разработка подтверждает достижимость конкурентных характеристик аппаратуры при существенном улучшении управляемости проекта, повторном использовании кода, снижении количества ошибок и общей трудоемкости проектирования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An original method and a prototype of the software toolbox for designing neuromorphic processors are presented. The method is based on a high-level description of the hardware with explicit (at the source code level) allocation of pipeline transaction flows circulating inside the hardware structure and separation of the computations performed in this case from the logic of dynamic scheduling and flow control. This approach allows flexible combination of data processing algorithms with up-to-date mechanisms for improving performance and energy consumption in the hardware microarchitecture, effective sharing of responsibilities in the development of complex hardware, and reuse of auto-configurable microarchitectural structures. A formalization of the transaction concept (in a given context), a hardware design route based on transactions, and an algorithm for synthesizing the RTL design of neuromorphic processors based on “transactional” descriptions are proposed. A prototype of the software toolbox for synthesizing processors built on a framework for software-controlled hardware generation is described. The application of the proposed method and CAD components is demonstrated using the example of the development of an original neuromorphic processor executing models of fully connected pulse neural networks. This development confirms the achievability of competitive hardware characteristics with a significant improvement in project manageability, code reuse, a reduction in the number of errors and the overall labor intensity of design.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейроморфные процессоры</kwd><kwd>микроархитектура</kwd><kwd>проектирование на уровне транзакций</kwd><kwd>САПР</kwd><kwd>RTL</kwd><kwd>HGF</kwd><kwd>HLS</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuromorphic processors</kwd><kwd>microarchitecture</kwd><kwd>transaction-level design</kwd><kwd>CAD</kwd><kwd>RTL</kwd><kwd>HGF</kwd><kwd>HLS</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">финансирование исследования выполнено за счет НИРСИИ Университета ИТМО (проект № 640097 „Разработка гибридного масштабируемого нейропроцессора на основе тензорных и нейроморфных ядер“).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by Research Projects in the Field of Artificial Intelligence at ITMO University (project No. 640097 “Development of a hybrid scalable neuroprocessor based on tensor and neuromorphic cores”).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schuman C. 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