<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pribor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Приборостроение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Instrument Engineering</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3454</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0381</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/0021-3454-2026-69-4-313-321</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pribor-503</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИБОРЫ НАВИГАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NAVIGATION DEVICES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Алгоритм навигации беспилотных летательных аппаратов по изображению подстилающей поверхности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Algorithm of unmanned aerial vehicles navigation based on the image of the underlying surface</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвиненко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinenko</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Ивановна Литвиненко — магистр; факультет безопасности информационных технологий</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna I. Litvinenko — MSc; Faculty of Information Technology Security</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.litvinenko.01@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Будько</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budko</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Юрьевич Будько — канд. техн. наук, доцент; факультет безопасности информационных технологий; доцент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Yu. Budko — PhD, Associate Professor; Faculty of Information Technology Security</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mbudko@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гирик</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Girik</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Валерьевич Гирик — канд. техн. наук, доцент; факультет безопасности информационных технологий; доцент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey V. Girik — PhD, Associate Professor; Faculty of Information Technology Security</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexei.guirik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдонин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdonin</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Александрович Авдонин — факультет безопасности информационных технологий; научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Avdonin — Faculty of Information Technology Security; Researcher</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avdoninivan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет ИТМО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ITMO University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>313</fpage><lpage>321</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/503">https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/503</self-uri><abstract><p>Современные беспилотные летательные аппараты для определения точных геокоординат и ориентации в пространстве могут использовать различные типы навигационных систем. Представлен алгоритм визуальной навигации беспилотного летательного аппарата, основанный на системе машинного зрения и заранее построенной карте области полета. Выполнен сравнительный анализ подходов к навигации беспилотных летательных аппаратов с использованием компьютерного зрения. На основе результатов анализа выбран подход, заключающийся в поиске пар соответствующих точек на карте местности и на снимке с беспилотного летательного аппарата. Рассмотрены варианты реализации, по итогам сравнительного анализа выбран алгоритм ORB (Oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF) с сортировкой дескрипторов ключевых точек по расстоянию Хэмминга. По итогам полевых испытаний создан ортофотоплан. Разработан алгоритм, который по сопоставленному изображению с беспилотного летательного аппарата с ортофотопланом выводит значение широты и долготы с погрешностью до двух метров. Разработанный аппаратно-программный комплекс может быть применен для определения местоположения беспилотного летательного аппарата с использованием видеокамеры.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modern unmanned aerial vehicles can use various types of navigation systems to determine precise coordinates and orientation in space. An algorithm for visual navigation of an unmanned aerial vehicle based on a machine vision system and a pre-built map of the flight area is presented. A comparative analysis of approaches to navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles using computer vision is performed. Based on the results of the analysis, an approach is chosen to search for pairs of corresponding points on the terrain map and in the image from an unmanned aerial vehicle. Implementation options are considered, and based on the results of a comparative analysis, the ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF) algorithm with sorting of key point descriptors by Hamming distance is selected. Based on the results of field tests, an orthophotoplane is created. An algorithm is developed that outputs the latitude and longitude values with an error of up to two meters based on the compared image from an unmanned aerial vehicle with an orthophotoplane. The developed hardware and software complex can be used to determine an unmanned aerial vehicle location using a video camera.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беспилотный летательный аппарат</kwd><kwd>автономное позиционирование</kwd><kwd>система технического зрения</kwd><kwd>обработка изображений</kwd><kwd>аппаратно-программный комплекс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>unmanned aerial vehicle</kwd><kwd>autonomous positioning</kwd><kwd>vision system</kwd><kwd>image processing</kwd><kwd>hardware and software complex</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zitová B., Flusser J. Image registration methods: a survey // Image and Vision Computing. 2003. Vol. 21, N 11. P. 977–1000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zitová B., Flusser J. Image and Vision Computing, 2003, no. 11(21), pp. 977–1000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lowe D. G. Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints // Intern. J. of Computer Vision. 2004. Vol. 60, N 2. P. 91–110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lowe D.G. International Journal of Computer Vision, 2004, no. 2(60), pp. 91–110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simonyan K., Zisserman A. Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition // arXiv:1409.1556 [cs. CV]. 2014. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1409.1556.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simonyan K., Zisserman A. arXiv:1409.1556 [cs.CV], 2014, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1409.1556.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szeliski R. Computer Vision: Algorithms and Applications, Texts in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2010. P. 183–228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szeliski R. Computer Vision: Algorithms and Applications, Texts in Computer Science, Springer International Publishing, 2010, рр. 183–228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fraundorfer F., Scaramuzza D., Pollefeys M. Visual odometry. Part II. Matching, robustness, optimization, and applications // Foundations and Trends in Computer Graphics and Vision. 2012. Vol. 7, N 1. P. 1–177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fraundorfer F., Scaramuzza D., Pollefeys M. Foundations and Trends in Computer Graphics and Vision, 2012, no. 1(7), pp. 1–177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schleiss M. Translating aerial images into street-map representations for visual self-localization of UAVs // Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2019. Vol. 42. P. 575–580.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schleiss M. Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2019, vol. 42, рр. 575–580.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva Filho P., Shiguemori E. H., Saotome O. UAV visual autolocalization based on automatic landmark recognition // Intern. Conf. on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Geomatics. 2017. P. 89–94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva Filho P., Shiguemori E.H., Saotome O. International Conference on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Geomatics, 2017, рр. 89–94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Isola P., Zhu J.-Y., Zhou T., Efros A. A. Image-To-Image translation with conditional adversarial networks // Proc. of the IEEE Conf. on computer vision and pattern recognition. 2017. P. 1125–1134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isola P., Zhu J.-Y., Zhou T., Efros A.A. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, 2017, рр. 1125–1134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alcantarilla P. F., Nuevo J., Bartoli A. Fast explicit diffusion for accelerated features in nonlinear scale spaces // British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC). 2013. P. 10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alcantarilla P.F., Nuevo J., Bartoli A. British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC), 2013, рр. 10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang X., Kealy A., Li W., Jelfs B., Gilliam C., May S. L., Moran B. T. Autonomous UAV Localization via Aerial Image Registration // Electronics. 2021. Vol. 10, N 4. P. 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang X., Kealy A., Li W., Jelfs B., Gilliam C., May S.L., Moran B.T. Electronics, 2021, no. 4(10), pp. 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bay H., Tuytelaars T., Van Gool L. SURF: Speeded Up Robust Features // Computer Vision ECCV 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. P. 404–417.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bay H., Tuytelaars T., Van Gool L. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006, рр. 404–417.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischler M. A., Bolles R. C. Random sample consensus: a paradigm for model fitting with applications to image analysis and automated cartography // Communications of the ACM. 1981. Vol. 24, N 6. P. 381–395.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischler M.A., Bolles R.C. Communications of the ACM, 1981, no. 6(24), pp. 381–395.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masselli A., Hanten R., Zell A. Localization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Terrain Classification from Aerial Images // Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2016. Vol. 13. P. 831– 842.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masselli A., Hanten R., Zell A. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Springer International Publishing, 2016. vol. 13, рр. 831–842.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rublee E., Rabaud V., Konolige K., Bradski G. ORB: An efficient alternative to SIFT or SURF // Intern. Conf. on Computer Vision. 2011. P. 2564–2571.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rublee E., Rabaud V., Konolige K., Bradski G. International Conference on Computer Vision, 2011, рр. 2564–2571.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harvey W., Rainwater C., Cothren J. Direct Aerial Visual Geolocalization Using Deep Neural Networks // Remote Sensing. 2021. Vol. 13. P. 43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harvey W., Rainwater C., Cothren J. Remote Sensing, 2021, vol. 13, рр. 43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kendall A., Grimes M., Cipolla R. Posenet: A convolutional network for real-time 6-dof camera relocalization // Proc. of the IEEE Intern. Conf. on Computer Vision. Santiago, Chile, 2015. P. 2938–2946.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kendall A., Grimes M., Cipolla R. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Santiago, Chile, 2015, рр. 2938–2946.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснобаев Е. А., Краснобаев Е. А., Чистобаев Д. В., Малышев А. Л. Сравнение бинарных дескрипторов особых точек изображений в условиях искажении // Компьютерная оптика. 2019. Т. 43, № 3. С. 434–445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnabayeu E.A., Chistabayeu D.V., Malyshev A.L. Computer Optics, 2019, no. 3(43), pp. 434–445. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
