<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pribor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Приборостроение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Instrument Engineering</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3454</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0381</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/0021-3454-2026-69-4-369-379</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pribor-509</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРИБОРЫ, СИСТЕМЫ И ИЗДЕЛИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND PRODUCTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование глубокого обучения для определения подвариантов острого лимфобластного лейкоза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Using deep learning neural networks to identify subvariants of acute lymphoblastic leukemia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Валерьевич Поляков — канд. техн. наук; кафедра медицинской физики; доцент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny V. Polyakov — PhD, Medical Physics Department; Associate Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">EVPolyakov@mephi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нелли Анатольевна Филатова — централизованный научно-клинический лабораторный отдел; врач клинической лабораторной диагностики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nelly A. Filatova — Centralized ScientificClinical Diagnostic Laboratory Department, Physician</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">filatova.nelli@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбацкая</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbatzkaya</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Павловна Колбацкая — канд. мед. наук; централизованный научно-клинический лабораторный отдел; врач клинической лабораторной диагностики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga P. Kolbatzkaya — PhD; Centralized Scientific-Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Department, Physician</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">helgaopk69@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриева</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrieva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валентина Викторовна Дмитриева — канд. техн. наук; кафедра электрофизических установок; доцент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina V. Dmitrieva — PhD, Electrophysical Facilities Department; Associate Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VVDmitriyeva@mephi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климанов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimanov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Александрович Климанов — канд. мед. наук; централизованный научно-клинический лабораторный отдел; заведующий отделом</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor A. Klimanov — PhD, Centralized Scientific-Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Department, Head of the Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Igorklimanov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет „МИФИ“</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Nuclear University MEPhI</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>369</fpage><lpage>379</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/509">https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/509</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследованы возможности глубокого обучения для обнаружения и классификации ядросодержащих клеток подвариантов острого лимфобластного лейкоза по цифровым изображениям препаратов костного мозга без предварительной ручной сегментации и выделения признаков. В ходе исследования сформирована выборка из 96 клинических случаев, включающая 9468 изображений ядросодержащих клеток с препаратов костного мозга, полученных с применением компьютерной микроскопии. Для анализа изображений использовалась архитектура одностадийного нейросетевого детектора семейства YOLO (You Only Look Once), что позволило значительно автоматизировать процесс обнаружения и классификации клеток. Обученная модель продемонстрировала высокую общую точность — 0,98 — на тестовой выборке и 0,83 — на независимой (48 клинических случаев), что свидетельствует о хорошей обобщающей способности и надежности представленного метода. Высокая чувствительность (1,0) для В-клеточного подварианта и специфичность (0,83) — для Т-клеточного подчеркивают эффективность и практическую ценность предложенного метода в дифференциальной диагностике, подтверждая его потенциал для повышения качества диагностики и ускорения обработки данных. Рекомендации по применению включают внедрение разработанной модели в научную и клиническую практику для дальнейшего анализа и совершенствования в ходе исследований при диагностике острого лимфобластного лейкоза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The possibilities of deep learning for the detection and classification of nucleated cells of subvariants of acute lymphoblastic leukemia from digital images of bone marrow preparations without prior manual segmentation and feature extraction are investigated. During the study, a sample of 96 clinical cases is formed, including 9,468 images of nucleated cells from bone marrow preparations obtained using computer microscopy. The architecture of a single-stage neural network detector of the YOLO (You Only Look Once) family is used for the analysis, which significantly automated the process of cell detection and classification. The trained model demonstrates high overall accuracy — 0.98 in the test sample and 0.83 in the independent sample (48 clinical cases), which indicates a good generalizing ability and reliability of the presented method. The high sensitivity (1.0) for the B-cell subvariant and the specificity (0.83) for the T—cell emphasize the effectiveness and practical value of the proposed method in differential diagnosis, confirming its potential to improve diagnostic quality and accelerate data processing. Recommendations for use include the introduction of the developed model into scientific and clinical practice for further analysis and improvement in the course of research in the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>глубокое обучение</kwd><kwd>медицинская визуализация</kwd><kwd>автоматизированная диагностика</kwd><kwd>острый лимфобластный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>deep learning</kwd><kwd>medical imaging</kwd><kwd>automated diagnostics</kwd><kwd>acute lymphoblastic leukemia</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bagg A., Raess Ph. W., Rund D., Bhattacharya S., Wiszniewska J., Horowitz A., Jengehin D., Fan G., Huynh M., Sanogo A., Aviv I., Katz B.-Z. Performance evaluation of a novel artificial intelligence-assisted digital microscopy system for the routine analysis of bone marrow aspirates // Modern Pathology. 2024. Vol. 37, N 9. P. 100542. DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100542</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagg A., Raess Ph.W., Rund D., Bhattacharya S., Wiszniewska J., Horowitz A., Jengehin D., Fan G., Huynh M., Sanogo A., Aviv I., Katz B.-Z. Modern Pathology, 2024, no. 9(37), pp. 100542, DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100542.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kreiss L., Jiang S., Li X., Xu S., Zhou K., Lee K., Muhlberg A., Kim K., Chaware A., Ando M., Barisoni L., Seung Ah L., Zheng G., Lafata K., Friedrich O., Horstmeyer R. Digital staining in optical microscopy using deep learning: a review // PhotoniX. 2023. Vol. 4, N 1. P. 34. DOI: 10.1186/s43074-023-00113-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kreiss L., Jiang S., Li X., Xu S., Zhou K., Lee K., Muhlberg A., Kim K., Chaware A., Ando M., Barisoni L., Seung Ah.L., Zheng G., Lafata K., Friedrich O., Horstmeyer R. PhotoniX, 2023, no. 1(4), pp. 34, DOI: 10.1186/s43074-023-00113-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Френкель М. А. Лабораторная диагностика острых лейкозов // Клиническая онкогематология. М.: Медицина, 2007. С. 306–319.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frenkel M.A. Klinicheskaya onkogematologiya (Clinical Oncohematology), Moscow, 2007, рр. 306–319. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тупицын Н. Н. Иммунодиагностика острых лейкозов и неходжкинских лимфом // Клиническая онкогематология. М.: Медицина, 2007. С. 338–370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tupitsyn N.N. Klinicheskaya onkogematologiya (Clinical Oncohematology), Moscow, 2007, рр. 338–370. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Френкель М. А. Исследование костного мозга в онкологии // Иммунология гемопоэза. 2014. Т. 12, № 1–2. С. 18–41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frenkel M.A. Immunology of hematopoiesis, 2014, no. 1–2(12), pp. 18–41. (in Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pronichev A. N., Polyakov E. V., Tupitsyn N. N., Frenkel M. A., Mozhenkova A. V. The use of optical microscope equipped with multispectral detector to distinguish different types of acute lymphoblastic leukemia // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2017. Vol. 784, N 1. P. 012003. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/784/1/012003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pronichev A.N., Polyakov E.V., Tupitsyn N.N., Frenkel M.A., Mozhenkova A.V. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2017, no. 1(784), pp. 012003, DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/784/1/012003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anilkumar K. K., Manoj V. J., Sagi T. M. Automated detection of B-cell and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia using deep learning // IRBM. 2022. Vol. 43, N 5. P. 405–413. DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2021.05.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anilkumar K.K., Manoj V.J., Sagi T.M. IRBM, 2022, no. 5(43), pp. 405–413, DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2021.05.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akalın F., Yumuşak N. Classification of T-ALL, B-ALL and T-LL malignancies using adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system approach combined with nature-inspired optimization on microarray dataset // Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023. Vol. 23, N 4. P. 941–954. DOI: 10.35414/akufemubid.1259929.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akalın F., Yumuşak N. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 2023, no. 4(23), pp. 941–954, DOI: 10.35414/akufemubid.1259929.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta R., Gehlot S., Gupta A. C-NMC: B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a blood cancer dataset // Medical Engineering &amp; Physics. 2022. Vol. 103. P. 103793. DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103793.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta R., Gehlot S., Gupta A. Medical Engineering &amp; Physics, 2022, vol. 103, рр. 103793, DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103793.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikitayev V. G., Pronichev A. N., Tupitsyn N. N., Selchuk V. Yu., Dmitrieva V. V., Palladina A. D., Polyakov E. V., Liberis K. A., Dzhokich M., Solomatin M. A., Nosova E. M. Classification of bone marrow cells in the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2021. Vol. 2058, N 1. P. 012043. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2058/1/012043.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitayev V.G., Pronichev A.N., Tupitsyn N.N., Selchuk V.Yu., Dmitrieva V.V., Palladina A.D., Polyakov E.V., Liberis K.A., Dzhokich M., Solomatin M.A., Nosova E.M. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, no. 1(2058), pp. 012043, DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2058/1/012043.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Zhang C., Chen B., Huang Y., Sun Y., Wang C., Fu X., Dai Y., Qin F., Peng Y., Gao Y. Accurate leukocyte detection based on deformable-DETR and multi-level feature fusion for aiding diagnosis of blood diseases // Computers in Biology and Medicine. 2024. Vol. 170. P. 107917. DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.107917.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Zhang C., Chen B., Huang Y., Sun Y., Wang C., Fu X., Dai Y., Qin F., Peng Y., Gao Y. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 2024, vol. 170, рр. 107917, DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.107917.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mustaqim T., Fatichah C., Suciati N. Deep learning for the detection of acute lymphoblastic leukemia subtypes on microscopic images: a systematic literature review // IEEE Access. 2023. Vol. 11. P. 16108–16127. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3245128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mustaqim T., Fatichah C., Suciati N. IEEE Access, 2023, vol. 11, рр. 16108–16127, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3245128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rehman A. et al. A large-scale multi-domain leukemia dataset for the white blood cells detection with morphological attributes for explainability // Intern. Conf. on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. P. 553–563. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-72384-1_52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rehman A. et al. International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI), Cham, Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024, рр. 553–563, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-72384-1_52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vieira G., Valle M. E. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia detection using hypercomplex-valued convolutional neural networks // 2022 Intern. Joint Conf. on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2022. P. 1–8. DOI: 10.1109/IJCNN55064.2022.9892036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vieira G., Valle M.E. 2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), IEEE, 2022, рр. 1–8, DOI: 10.1109/IJCNN55064.2022.9892036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang X., Hu Z., Wang S., Zhang Y. Deep learning for medical image-based cancer diagnosis // Cancers. 2023. Vol. 15, N 14. P. 3608. DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143608.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang X., Hu Z., Wang S., Zhang Y. Cancers, 2023, no. 14(15), pp. 3608, DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143608.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fazeli S., Samiei A., Lee T. D., Sarrafzadeh M. Beyond labels: visual representations for bone marrow cell morphology recognition // 11th Intern. Conf. on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI). IEEE. 2023. P. 111–117. DOI: 10.1109/ICHI57859.2023.00025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fazeli S., Samiei A., Lee T.D., Sarrafzadeh M. 11th International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI), IEEE, 2023, рр. 111–117, DOI: 10.1109/ICHI57859.2023.00025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nunes J. C. S., Linhares J. E. B. D. S., Postigo M. A. O., del Río D. G., Sobrinho A. M. F., &amp; Torné I. G. Cancer cell classification from peripheral blood smear data using the YOLOv8 architecture // IEEE Access. 2025. Vol. 13. Р. 91911–91924. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3573277.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nunes J.C.S., Linhares J.E.B.D.S., Postigo M.A.O., del Río D.G., Sobrinho A.M.F., &amp; Torné I.G. IEEE Access, 2025, vol. 13, рр. 91911–91924, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3573277.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferreira F. R. T., do Couto L. M. Using deep learning on microscopic images for white blood cell detection and segmentation to assist in leukemia diagnosis // J. Supercomput. 2025. Vol.81. Р. 410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227024-06903-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferreira F.R.T., do Couto L.M. J. Supercomput., 2025, vol. 81, рр. 410, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-024-06903-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng Z., Li Y. Improved YOLOv7 Algorithm for Detecting Bone Marrow Cells // Sensors. 2023. Vol. 23. Р. 7640. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177640.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng Z., Li Y. Sensors, 2023, vol. 23, рр. 7640, https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177640.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
