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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pribor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Приборостроение</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Instrument Engineering</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3454</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0381</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17586/0021-3454-2026-69-7-569-582</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pribor-562</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИСТЕМНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ, УПРАВЛЕНИЕ И ОБРАБОТКА ИНФОРМАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYSTEM ANALYSIS, MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION PROCESSING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Надежность дублированной системы холодного резерва с неоднородными элементами. Ч. 1. Построение модели, определение стационарных характеристик надежности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reliability of a cold standby redundant system with heterogeneous elements. P. 1. Model development, determination of steady-state reliability characteristics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обжерин</surname><given-names>Ю. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obzherin</surname><given-names>Yu. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Евгеньевич Обжерин   — д-р техн. наук, профессор;  кафедра высшей математики.</p><p>Севастополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy E. Obzherin — Dr. Sci., Professor; Sevastopol State University, Department of Higher Mathematics, Professor.</p><p>Sevastopol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">objsev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоров</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Станислав Михайлович Сидоров    — канд. техн. наук, доцент; МИРЭА — РТУ, Институт информационных технологий, кафедра прикладной математики.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav M. Sidorov — PhD, Associate Professor; MIREA — Russian Technological University, Institute of Information Technologies, Department of Applied Mathematics.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">xaevec@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Севастопольский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sevastopol State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МИРЭА — Российский технологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>MIREA — Russian Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>569</fpage><lpage>582</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/562">https://pribor.ifmo.ru/jour/article/view/562</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрена дублированная система холодного резерва с неограниченным восстановлением. Построена ее полумарковская модель с дискретно-непрерывным фазовым пространством состояний при произвольном распределении времен безотказной работы и восстановления элементов системы. Методом последовательных приближений найдено в явном виде стационарное распределение вложенной цепи Маркова для однородного случая. С использованием предложенной полумарковской модели и стационарного распределения получены формулы для расчета стационарных характеристик надежности в однородном случае, а также в неоднородном случае для частных вариантов рассматриваемой системы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A cold standby redundant system with unlimited recovery is considered. Its semi-Markov model with a discrete-continuous phase space of states is constructed with an arbitrary distribution of uptime and recovery of system elements. By the method of successive approximations, the stationary distribution of an embedded Markov chain for a homogeneous case is explicitly found. Using the proposed semi-Markov model and the stationary distribution, formulas are obtained for calculating the stationary reliability characteristics in the homogeneous case, as well as in the heterogeneous case for particular variants of the system under consideration.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дублированная система</kwd><kwd>холодный резерв</kwd><kwd>неограниченное восстановление</kwd><kwd>полумарковская модель с фазовым пространством общего вида</kwd><kwd>стационарные характеристики надежности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>redundant system</kwd><kwd>cold standby</kwd><kwd>unlimited recovery</kwd><kwd>semi-Markov model with a general state space</kwd><kwd>stationary reliability characteristics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malik S. C., Yadav R. K. 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