In the context of the digital transformation of industry, smart standards are replacing the traditional documents on standardization for the previous technological order. The first stage of the development and practical application of smart standards in the manufacturing sector is followed by the spread of “digital smart” standards to management processes, information and resource support processes for various types of activities. At each stage of the life cycle of high-tech military and dual-use products, smart standardization has specific features. The importance of information support management in research and development (R&D) at the initial stages of the life cycle of products being created - analyzing the external and internal environment, predicting results, analyzing risks, choosing research and development directions, substantiating design, technical and technological solutions, forming organizational and functional structures, etc. — especially high. The current state of smart standardization is analyzed and the directions of its development are predicted, taking into account the features of information support for research and development. The concept of smart standardization of R&D and R&D information support processes, the structure, composition and principles of integrating standardization documents in digital execution are presented. The proposed concept can also be used in other processes of the product lifecycle in a unified digital information environment, including management and resource provision processes.

A system of linear regression inequalities with unknown constant parameters, whose number is assumed to be given and finite, is considered. The problem of constructing the domain of the components of the vector of unknown parameters that ensure the validity of the prescribed inequalities is addressed. A method is proposed, based on the procedure of dynamic regressor extension and the selection of active constraints, which reduces the original problem to solving a square system of linear equations. The application of Cramer’s rule and Hadamard’s inequality to the resulting system makes it possible to obtain an analytical upper bound for the components of the vector of unknown parameters. The correctness of the proposed method is illustrated by numerical simulation. Unlike numerical optimization methods, the presented approach does not require iterative computations and provides a rigorous guaranteed bound valid for the entire class of admissible data. A theorem establishing this bound in the general case is formulated and proved. The conclusion discusses the prospects for further development of the proposed approach.

The problem of data storage in extreme external conditions with limited computing resources is analyzed. The necessity of creating small-size fault-tolerant modular data management systems optimized for use in embedded systems and microcontrollers is noted. An overview of the LittleDB, LMDB, and Berkeley DB database management systems is performed, and the areas of their use in real-world tasks are identified. A variant of a small-size database management system is proposed that allows efficient data management while minimizing the use of computing resources with special requirements for fault tolerance and noise immunity. The main solutions for optimizing the processes of adding, storing, processing and managing data in non-volatile memory are also considered. A software is developed that allows working with data in extreme operating conditions. The implemented database management system uses algorithms for data caching, error correction, and noise-proof encoding of information. The data storage speed is tested, and the high efficiency of the proposed system is demonstrated.

A methodology for supporting decision-making in configuring sociotechnical systems based on their decomposition is proposed. Decomposition is accomplished using multi-aspect ontologies, which allows both preserving the independence of the modeled aspects of the systems under consideration and ensuring their interoperability. Application of the methodology is illustrated using an applied task of maintenance in semiconductor manufacturing. It is shown that using the proposed methodology together with multi-aspect ontologies significantly increases the level of automation, thereby increasing the speed and reducing the incidence of errors in decision support for this applied task.

The possibility of using a silicon photomultiplier in sensors of small angular displacements for tracking systems is evaluated. The commercially available silicon photomultipliers of the KOF5-1035, ketek RM 3325 and ON Semi FC 30035 models are avalanche matrix photodetectors characterized by a large photosensitive surface area, high gain, low supply voltage and low cost. For these silicon photomultipliers, the dependences of the magnitude of the photocurrent on the angle of incidence of radiation relative to the normal to the plane of the photosensitive surface are obtained. It is established that the dependence of the average value of the amplitude of the photo-response on the angle of incidence of radiation has a sufficiently long linear section. A variant of an angular position sensor based on silicon photomultipliers for tracking systems is proposed, which makes it possible to determine the direction of displacement of a moving object, as well as the magnitude of the displacement angle. Such sensors can be used in automated Smart Home and Smart City systems, in positioning systems for various types of industrial equipment and robotic systems, as well as for remote monitoring of the angular position of hard-to-reach objects.

Optical sensors based on a multi-element photodetector line are widely used in measuring technology. The effect of vibration on optical linear motion sensors is one of the factors that reduce the accuracy of measurements. An algorithm for processing the sensor signal is developed to reduce the negative impact of vibration on measurement accuracy. Numerical modeling methods are applied, and the characteristics of the Toshiba TCD1304 photodetector array are used as modeling parameters. The simulated range of the ratio of the period of integration of the photodetector array to the period of vibrations is from 0.02 to 2. The results of the study shows a decrease in measurement error compared with the sensor using the centroid method for estimating the linear position. Efficiency is achieved when the ratio of the integration period to the vibration period is greater than 0.1. Analysis of the results confirms the effectiveness of the developed signal processing algorithm in terms of increasing the dynamic metrological characteristics of linear motion sensors. The algorithm can be recommended for use in precision engineering and aeronautical engineering, where the problem of vibration interference is particularly relevant.

Acoustic profiling of bottom soil is an alternative way of exploring the World Ocean. When an acoustic wave hits the surface, reflection, absorption, and scattering processes occur. If the thickness of the layers is much less than the acoustic wavelength, then the reflection can be represented as radiation from a secondary source of acoustic waves in the opposite direction. The size of the secondary source is determined by the irradiation area, which consists of certain zones called Fresnel zones. The physical foundations of the formation of Fresnel zones in bottom soil sounding for normal and inclined wave incidence are considered. Expressions for calculating Fresnel zones are presented.

The possibility of using the phytoindication method to study the stability of plant development is considered. The study is carried out on plants of Alchemilla baltica, in which morphological (length of veins) and optical (transmission coefficients in the visible range) signs of leaf surface areas are measured. The indices of fluctuating asymmetry are determined based on morphological and optical features. A fluctuometer is developed that allows non-contact method to obtain information about the fluctuating asymmetry of the light transmission coefficient by leaf tissues as a bilateral feature. The fluctuometer measurement scheme is based on the alternate determination of illumination created by a light stream falling from above passing through sections of a plant leaf located symmetrically to the left and right of its central vein. A strong linear relationship is revealed between the data obtained for the two types of features (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.86), which is confirmed by the value of the coefficient of determination of the linear model is 0.74; the value of the coefficient of concordance is 0.7. Thus, the proposed method and device make it possible to implement an express method of phytoindication of the environment.

The processes of managing engineering changes made to electronic instrumentation products allow enterprises to manage the functional parameters, quality and competitiveness of products on the market in small-scale and piece- scale production. However, this requires the development of tools for managing engineering changes, adequate models of interaction between executive departments in the development and implementation of design and technological changes in devices. Results of experimental studies of the processes of development, coordination and implementation of engineering changes with the subsequent optimization of standard routes for their processing by divisions and services of the enterprise, which contributed to reducing time costs and simplifying functional relationships between contractors,are presented. A classifier of the causes of engineering changes is developed, changes are grouped according to the complexity of their implementation, and labor intensity of processing notifications by contractors are determined as a criterion for optimizing their service routes. A role model of change management is developed, which highlights the role of the change administrator as the main coordinator of communications and control over the implementation of engineering changes in electronic devices. The model allows for documenting the processes of design, approval, and implementation of engineering changes at the enterprise and organizing information flows between services.

The necessity of using a physical fractal model in regulatory and design documents for optical surfaces is substantiated, as this allows an adequate assessment of energy losses associated with radiation scattering. The expediency of switching from two-dimensional to three-dimensional measurements in the normalization and determination of roughness is noted.