Abstract. Laser-induced coloration of titanium due to its surface oxidation under exposure to nanosecond pulses from 1.06 μm fiber ytterbium laser is proposed. Various colors on the titanium surface may be formed by variation of laser irradiation regimes (e. g., changing overlapping), the irradiated surface color is a function of viewing angle. Presented results of spectrophotometric study of processed samples demonstrate dependence of colorimetric characteristics of the surface on laser pulse parameters and on the radiation incidence angle. Increase in the light incidence angle is found to retain the spectrum appearance but causes a parallel shift of the spectral distribution to ultraviolet region. The proposed method of oxide films formation may find an application in industry to create images of controllable color on titanium surface.

Keywords: colored laser marking, oxide film, spectrophotometry, titanium, fiber laser

References:

1. Schneider M., Langklotz U. Michaelis A. Thickness determination of thin anodic titanium oxide films — a comparison between coulometry and reflectometry // Surface and Interface Analysis. 2011. Vol. 43. P. 1471—1479.
2. Simka W., Sadkowski A., Warczak M., Iwaniakc A., Derczd G., Michalska J., Maciej A. Characterization of passive films formed on titanium during anodic oxidation // Electrochimica Acta. 2011. Vol. 56. P. 8962—8968.
3. Теплухин Г. Н., Гропянов А. В. Металловедение и термическая обработка. CПб: Изд-во СПбГТУРП, 2011. С. 45—70.
4. Yun H., Kim M., You I. Tuned optical reflection characteristics of chemically-treated Ti substrates // ETRI Journal. 2012. Vol. 34, N 6. P.954—957.
5. Lavisse L., Sahour M. C., Jouvard J. M., Pillon G., Marco de Lucas M. C., Bourgeois S., Grevey D. Growth of titanium oxynitride layers by short pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatment of Ti plates: Influence of the cumulated laser fluence // Applied Surface Science. 2009. Vol. 255. P. 5515—5518.
6. Adams D. P., Murphy R. D., Saiz D. J., Hirschfeld D. A., Rodriguez M. A., Kotula P. G., Jared B. H. Nanosecondpulsed laser irradiation of titanium: Oxide growth and effects on underlying metal // Surface & Coatings Technology.2014. Vol. 248. P. 38—45.
7. Lavisse L., Berger P., Cirisan M., Jouvard J. M., Bourgeois S., Marco de Lucas M. C. Influence of laser-targetinteraction regime on composition and properties of surface layers grown by laser treatment of Ti plates // J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 2009. Vol. 42. P. 24503-1—8.
8. Veiko V., Odintsova G., Ageev E., Karlagina Y., Loginov A., Skuratova A. et al. Controlled oxide films formation bynanosecond laser pulses for color marking // Opt. Express. 2014. Vol. 22, iss. 2. P. 4342. DOI: 10.1364/OE.22.024342.
9. Vorobyev A. Y., Guo C. Colorizing metals with femtosecond laser pulses // Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008. Vol. 92, iss. 4.P. 19—14. DOI:10.1063/1.2834902.
10. Dusser B., Sagan Z., Soder H., Faure N., Colombier J. P., Jourlin M. et al. Controlled nanostructrures formation byultra fast laser pulses for color marking // Opt. Express. 2010. Vol. 18, iss. 3. P. 2913. DOI:10.1364/OE.18.002913.
11. Antończak A. J., Stępak B., Kozioł P. E., Abramski K. M. The influence of process parameters on the laser-inducedcoloring of titanium // Appl. Phys. A. 2013. Vol. 86. P. 235—241.
12. Пряхин Е. И., Афонькин М. Г., Ларионова Е. В. Особенности формирования цветных оксидных пленок наметаллической поверхности под воздействием лазерного излучения // Дизайн. Материалы. Технология. 2010.Т. 3, № 14. С. 75—80.
13. Афонькин М. Г., Ларионова Е. В. Применение современных технологий при декорировании художественныхизделий из металла // Дизайн. Материалы. Технология. 2009. Т. 3, № 10. С. 3—8.
14. Pґerez del Pino A., Serra P., Morenza J. L. Coloring of titanium by pulsed laser processing in air // Thin Solid Films.2002. Vol. 415. P. 201—205.
15. Veiko V., Odintsova G., Gorbunova E., Ageev E., Shimko A., Karlagina Y., Andreeva Y. Development of completecolor palette based on spectrophotometric measurements of steel oxidation results for enhancement of color lasermarking technology // Materials and Desing. 2016. Vol. 89. P. 684—688.
16. Ballo A. M. et al. Bone response to physical-vapour-deposited titanium dioxide coatings on titanium implants // Clinical Oral Implants Research. 2013. Vol. 24, N 9. С. 1009—1017.