When solving geophysical problems related to the Earth's magnetic field, quite often there is a need to process large volume data. The information obtained as a result of the analysis can serve as the basis for solving various fundamental problems, for example, studying the movement of the magnetic poles, or applied problems, such as navigating the Earth's magnetic field. In addition, in many cases it is of interest to analyze data over a long period of time, which significantly increases the amount of data that needs to be processed. The use of modern technologies for working with large amounts of data, such as, for example, BIG DATA, allows solving a fairly wide class of geophysical problems. The problem of preprocessing the data of measurements of the state of the Earth's magnetic field provided by geomagnetic observatory Lycksele (Sweden) included in the international network INTERMAGNET. Preprocessing was performed using the BIG DATA methods implemented in the MatLab system.gvrvr

The problem of organizing the control of calculations by a diagnostic parameter characterizing the belonging of the functions calculated by the object of diagnosis to the class of self-dual Boolean functions is considered. The structure of a self-dual device with control of each output separately is described. A structure is proposed for a built-in control circuit using a special signal compression scheme. Such a structure makes it possible to reduce the number of observed outputs and thereby reduce the number of elements in the structure of the built-in control circuit (ICS). Standard circuits of full adders, which are self-dual digital devices, are supposed to be used as signal compression devices. It is shown that such an approach to the ICS organization makes it possible to reduce the complexity of its technical implementation by approximately 8–9% compared to the control of calculations at each output of the diagnostic object. Formulas for estimating the complexity of the implementation of the ICS for each method of its organization are given. Algorithms for the synthesis of ICS with the use of signal compression schemes are formulated. The data obtained by modeling self-dual structures using the considered methods in the Multisim modeling environment are demonstrated. The presented results enable practical synthesis of self-checking digital devices and computing systems.

New sustainable methods and algorithms are proposed for recovering object images damaged (distorted, corrupted) as a result of defocusing, spreading, and noising. The type and parameters of damage are estimated by the developed “spectral method”, as demonstrated on the example of distorted images of the Black Sea, and then the image damage is eliminated (removed) based on a stable solution of integral equations using the Tikhonov regularization method and the Fourier transform. The approach makes it possible to increase the resolution of optical instruments - cameras, telescopes, microscopes, etc.ff

Sets of vectors of decimation indices IS(id1, id2, ..., idn) of ternary M-sequences (MS) with verification polynomials hMP(x) for periods N = 3S–1 < 20000 formed in finite fields GF(3S) for S = 3, 5, 7, 9 are presented. The sets include both the well–known decimation indices and the newly obtained indices that allow formatting sets of ternary Gold-like sequences (GLS) with a volume of N+2 and a low level of values of the periodic cross-correlation function. For the value S = 5, four additional indices were obtained to five known decimation indices, for S = 7, ten decimation indices were added to seven known indices, and for S = 9, nine decimation indices were additionally obtained to nine known indices.

The problem of three-dimensional tomography of the upper ionosphere based on the signals of global navigation satellite systems obtained by the navigation receiver of a low-orbit satellite is considered. A method for preliminary processing of data from a satellite navigation receiver is presented, which consists in predicting the coordinates of the centers of mass of a low-orbiting satellite and navigation satellites, estimating the total electron content of the ionosphere with subsequent rejection of emissions, and also choosing a reconstruction area. The technique was tested with data obtained from the navigation receiver of the spacecraft from the FormoSat-7/COSMIC-2 meteorological satellite constellation. The results of the total electron content estimation make it possible to apply the algorithm for the continuous solution of the problem of three-dimensional tomography of the ionosphere, which, in turn, allows us to estimate the electron concentration of the ionosphere in the upper ionosphere.

Methods of protection of space-bazed optical-electronic systems from meteoroids and space debris are stated. To create protective screens, it is proposed to use a new material - armored glass ceramics. Technical solutions (segmentation of mirrors, elongated hoods, transitional optical blocks) for the protection of optical elements are considered. The developed and manufactured setup for studying damage caused to the working surfaces of optical elements is presented. The setup allows to carry out ballistic impact by throwing elements of various masses and geometries. Results of experiments are presented.

Results of research into ethanol, propanol and their aqueous solutions by the total internal reflection method, which is characterized by high accuracy and provides reliable measurements, are presented. Optical scheme and technical characteristics of the AR-4 refractometer designed to measure the optical parameters of the studied substances are given. The dependences of the refractive index on the concentration and temperature of solutions were obtained at concentrations k = 0…100% and temperatures t = 10…40 ºС at a wavelength λ = 589 nm; cubic interpolations of the refractive index dependences of the concentration and temperature of the solutions are demonstrated.

In order to increase the efficiency of using powder magnetic sorbents in water purification technology, when one of the key stages of this technology is the rapid isolation of spent sorbent by magnetic separation, the control of the magnetic susceptibility χ of the individual particles of such sorbents is needed. The analyzed methodology of determining magnetic susceptibility is based on obtaining experimental dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of the dispersed sample on the volume fraction γ in it of controlled particles and identifying the linear initial section of this dependence (limited by criterion value γ = [γ]), the specified section of this dependence indicates the practical absence of magnetic interaction of the particles. So at γ = [γ], χ -values are determined as χ = /γ. By ponderomotive method (using modernized magnetometer with spherical pole pieces for creating zone of a stable inhomogeneity field) γ -dependence of is obtained for magnetic sorbent (carbon sorbent with inclusions of magnetite and maggemite), and value of [γ] is found. The magnetic susceptibility χ of the particle in the field of strength H = 61 kA/m is determined from its linear section, up to the criterion value [γ]. It also seems possible to obtain an expanded field dependence for χ.

Piezoelectric vibration sensors are among the most used sensors for measuring mechanical vibrations. The technological operation of finishing flat parallel surfaces with fixed abrasive is considered. An algorithm for determining rational modes of fine-tuning is presented, and the method based on planning experimental studies by Taguchi and dispersion analysis is described. The conditions for manufactory prototypes are described. Intermediate results of experimental studies are presented, the possibility to exclude the grinding operation from the technological process before finishing is demonstrated.