ISSN 0021-3454 (print version)
ISSN 2500-0381 (online version)
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Summaries of the issue

INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL

517
An adaptive algorithm of control over linear system with parametric uncertainties under external disturbances and output measurements with dynamic quantizer is presented. The output characteristic of the dynamic quantizer is supposed to be close to the characteristic of static quantizer. Coefficients of the used control model of the object are assumed to belong to a bounded set, and the transfer function numerator is Hurwitz polynomial. The control algorithm is synthesized on the base of the consecutive compensator method proposed by A. A. Bobtsov. The proposed heuristic algorithm for adjustment of integral-type controller parameters and quantization step is based on the use of Kharitonov polynomials. The developed control system provides convergence of tracking error to the bounded region. The efficiency of the proposed method is confirmed by results of computer simulation for an object under the control of the third order with relative degree equal to three. 
METHOD OF OPERATION CONTROL OVER COMBINATORY LOGIC DEVICE BASED ON 2-OUT-OF-4 CODE Sapozhnikov Valery V., Sapozhnikov Vladimir V., Ephanov Dmitry V.
524
A new method of operational control system design is developed. The method allows diminishing the system redundancy index as compared with the known approaches. The solution is obtained due to application of balanced codes in creation of operation control system. The proposed structural diagram of the control system realizes the principle of logical complement of Boolean functions based on the use of 2-out-of-4 code. Special features to be taken into account in design of the structure of an operation control system on the base of 1-out-of-4 or 2-out-of-4 codes providing the total self-checking are considered. Advantages of the use of 2-out-of-4 code over 1-out-of-4 code for combinatory logic device control system are demonstrated. In particular, provision of total self-checking of the operation control system on the base of 2-out-of-4 code requires less stringent restrictions than in the case when 1-out-of-4 code is applied.
534
The problem of ensuring robustness of precision positioning system with piezoelectric drive is considered for the case of the drive model with interval parameters. The proposed approach uses the concept of controlled relative interval frequency. It is shown that the problem can be solved with median modal control supplemented by a control over the relative interval state matrix of the designed system. An example of positioning system design with the use of proposed method is presented.
SYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX FILTER WITH SPECIFIED TRANSFER FUNCTION Sergey I. Ziatdinov, Agranovsky Andrey V., Leonid A. Osipov
542
A method for synthesis of a complex filter with desired frequency characteristic is proposed. The filter under development consists of several elementary narrow-band filters connected in parallel, each of the filters possesses separate amplitude- and phase-frequency characteristics. A formula is derived presenting pulse response of the synthesized filter as the sum of pulse response functions of the elementary filters. The results are illustrated with a specific example.
547
A new approach to the formation of the set of controlled parameters of the complex technical systems is proposed. The essence of the method is the processing of the trajectories of the output processes of the system on the base of the theory of the spaces of the measurable Lebesgue square-integrable functions. The approach allows for the trajectories with an arbitrary set of the finite discontinuities to be approximated by partial sums of the Fourier series, thereby to take into account the complexity of the structure and algorithms of the systems operation. It is shown that coefficients of the trajectory expansion into a finite Fourier series on the base of orthonormal Legendre polynomials may be employed as control indicators. Dependences used for calculation of values of the controlled indicators and for the definition of their number are improved as compared to those proposed in previous works by the author based on other bases. 
USE OF PARETO DIAGRAM FOR ENSURING QUALITY OF INTEGRATED CIRCUIT FUNCTIONING Aleksey V. Averianov, Belaya Tatiana I., Molchanov Oleg E.
558
An approach to the problem of ensuring quality of semiconductor devices and integrated circuits (IMS) functioning is proposed. The approach is based on application of Pareto chart demonstrating dependence of an IMS failure on the type of its defect. The main types of defects causing the major part of IMS failures are defined.

OPTICAL AND OPTO-ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS

OPTICAL-ELECTRONIC AUTOCOLLIMATOR FOR TWO-COORDINATE ANGULAR MEASUREMENTS Konyakhin Igor A., Moiseeva Anastasia A., Hoang Van Phong
563
The problem of increasing the working distance of optical-electronic autocollimator when applied to determination of an object angular position is considered. It is proposed to use a quadrangular pyramidal reflector to improve the autocollimator features. An algorithm of measurement using an autocollimator with the proposed reflector is developed. Reflective properties of pyramidal mirror systems are analyzed, comparison of such systems with the proposed pyramidal reflector is presented. 
571
Pulse response of reflective surface is considered as an exhaustive characteristic of a surface reflection under pulsed illumination. It is reported that the reflection from underlying surface may have several energy centers able to conceal actual target when slant range measurement are carried out with optical pulsed rangefinder. Pulse responses of elementary Lambertian surfaces as well as reflected signals from such surfaces are analyzed. Computer simulation is used to obtain pulse reflection characteristics of typical underlying surfaces and compare surface reflection with the signals when the target is present.

HEAT REGIMES AND RELIABILITY OF INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS

578
Effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of a plate fragment made of basalt-fiber reinforced composite material are derived from stationary thermal mode measurement data. The experimental setup includes a climate chamber, precision signal converter Tercon, and special thermal flux converters PTP-1B with built-in temperature sensors. Initial data for calculation of thermal conductivity has been obtained with the use of computer code developed in Borland Delphi 7 as a Windows application. High strength reinforced plate is reported to have almost the same effective thermal conductivity as the "classic" thermal insulation materials (glass wool, slag wool) which do not possess the required strength.
SIMULATION OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF THREE-COMPONENT COMPOSITION Mikheev Vladislav A., Sulaberidze Vladimir Sh., Mushenko Vasily D.
584
The problems of modeling of effective thermal conductivity of three-component compositions on the base of polymer binding agents SKTN-A, Sural-7 and powder mineral fillers SiO2, SiC, Al2O3, AlN in a wide range of values of the volume content of inclusions. The relevance of the selection of compositions with two fillers is said to meet the needs in the development of compounds with the desired conductivity, strength and deformation characteristics. A practical and feasible approach to simulation of thermal conductivity of heterogeneous composites with different content of the two fillers is proposed on the base of experimental determination of effective thermal conductivity of two-component compositions with the same binder and various fillers and further calculating the effective thermal conductivity of three-component mixtures with the use of multiple regression. The adequacy of the model is ensured by checking at several points in the volumetric content of fillers, with the thermal conductivity of corresponding compositions determined experimentally. An interpolation equation that describes thermal conductivity of composites based on polymer binders and having two fillers is presented. A simple formula for practical estimates of effective thermal conductivity of three-component compositions is also proposed; the formula uses effective thermal conductivity for two-component compositions of aggregates of filler particles evaluated from experimental data. 

SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL DEVELOPMENTS

DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING OF INJECTION MOLDING TOOLING IN SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION Andreev Yury S, Timofeeva Olga S., Yablochnikov Yevgeny I.
592
Possible ways of reduction of terms of designing and manufacturing of injection molding equipment in small-scale production are considered. It is expected to reduce the time through the application of reusable molds and manufacture only the forming parts with reasonably selected technology regarding to lot size and requirements for manufactured polymer products. It is proposed to use the effective tools of designing and modeling that are included with modern CAD/CAE/CAM systems, as well as organizing the processes of technological preparation of production in a single information space that will allow exchanging technical and organizational information to make coordinated decisions in real time, and eventually significantly reduce communication costs and data processing. At all stages of technological preparation of production the use of the principles and methods of group technology is proposed.
EXPERIENCE IN SINGLE AND SMALL BATCH PRODUCTION OF OPTICAL-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS Medunetskiy Viktor M., Sergey V. Solk, Lebedev Oleg A.
600
The increasing role of single and small batch production of industrial products in today's global economy is noted. A number of technical solutions to reduce production time and resource costs in the manufacture of prototypes of optical-mechanical systems and their small-scale production is considered.. The efficiency of the use of diamond micromachining technology in the manufacture of prototypes of optical-mechanical systems is demonstrated. The examples of objective lenses designed and manufactured in accordance with proposed recommendations are presented.
605
An algorithm and a device for measurement of the generalized Z-parameters of multi-element passive two-port circuit containing a capacitive element in the circuit between the poles are studied. Electrical diagram of converter of exponential voltage pulse in exponential current pulse used for excitation of the multi-element two-port network is improved. An analog switch additionally introduced into the device provides a zero initial condition by discharging the capacitive elements of the object under measurement in the interval between sounding current pulses.