A new domestic specialized communication computer (systems on a chip) SoC 5580TR016, designed for automatic hydrometeorological stations, is considered. The system perspectives in providing the station basic function - effective collection of measurement information and reliable, secure transmission of it to the consumer - is analyzed. The calculator contains, in addition to the necessary means of the microcontroller, a communication module, the technical characteristics of which meet the requirements for speed, reliability and security of information transmission over a radio communication channel. The communication module of the calculator provides data transmission at high speed in a complex electromagnetic environment in conditions of multipath propagation of signals under the influence of natural and deliberate interference, as well as the adaptability of the communication channel in terms of the information transfer rate, spectral efficiency and output power to the interference environment and operating range. Such combination of measurement control functions and wireless transmission of information to the consumer in one device allows to reduce the time spent on development of automatic hydrometeorological stations, to increase the station reliability and efficiency. The capabilities of the calculator and its high operational characteristics correspond to the basic provisions of the program of import substitution of the elemental component base of electronics with new domestic technical means, including in hydrometeorological information-measuring systems.

The method of channels division (specialization) in a queuing system with an unlimited queue with a finite random waiting time (a system with “impatient” customers) is analyzed. The main indicators of the efficiency of the system are calculated for various intensity of the service flow. The channel separation is shown to significantly improve the efficiency indices only for modes close to critical.

A method for network attacks discovery based on the choice of useful neural network parameters that characterize abnormal traffic, is proposed. Useful parameters are obtained with ranking all parameters of the neural network according to the degree of significance for detecting each attack. The ranking is carried out according to a system of rules that account for three criteria of a neural network efficiency: the general accuracy of the parameters classification, the training time of the network, and the time of its testing. To train the neural network, the well-known NSL – KDD attack database is used, which characterizes each attack by 41 information signs. The ranking makes it possible to reduce the number of features to 10. The neural network trained on useful parameters showed a high detection rate and classification accuracy for most of the attacks under consideration.

An overview of the advantages of open-source operating systems in information security system design is presented. Virtualization technology is discussed as an effective way to protect information systems. An example of container virtualization with the construction of an adaptive model of an access control system on an ARM processor is given. The assessment of the probability of non-stationary penetration into the system is 2%, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed solution and its applicability for building an adaptive access control system.

A complex solution for managing traffic recording and storage in data storage systems is presented. A structure of a software and hardware complex for managing physical data storage for systems that can be used by owners of technological communication networks for storing traffic is proposed. Control mechanisms are considered, such as the data distribution across various media using Kohonen neural networks and forecasting the storage capacity increase using a statistical model and machine learning methods.

Models developed to describe the experimentally observed phenomenon of extremely weak light scattering by an atmospheric aerosol particle are presented. This scattering phenomenon is due to the particle size being matched to the thickness of the coating layer. For the model development, experimental data obtained with simultaneous use of an optical counter and a filter aspiration device were used. Theoretical foundations of modeling the process of light scattering by a particle of atmospheric aerosol with refractive index radially changing in the coating layer are considered. The model is based on data from field experiments and may be used to solve both discontinuous and continuous problems of the process of electromagnetic waves scattering by inhomogeneous irradiated structures. The model is considered to adequately describe the experimental data since the discrepancy between them and results of model calculations does not exceed the experimental error. Using unique experimental data, new models of an inhomogeneous aerosol particle are proposed, which adequately describe the process of extremely weak directional scattering of radiation.

The problem of reliability of aerosol parameters determination by lidar sensing methods is considered. Linearized algorithms for processing signals from lidar sounding of a weakly turbid atmosphere are presented. To improve the accuracy of the results, it is proposed to use the least squares method with a predetermined background illumination value. Along with the microstructural characteristics of aerosol particles, an approximate value of the attenuation coefficient is determined from the experimental trace-meter measurements data. Using results of background illumination calculation, an expression is obtained for magnitude of the attenuation coefficient deviation from its approximate value. The accuracy of determining the attenuation coefficient when solving a system of two equations is shown to be higher than when solving a system of three equations, but it is insufficient in the case of single sensing pulse. To improve the accuracy, a large number of echo signals along the sounding path are analyzed. The presented results relate to typical parameters of the aerosol of a slightly turbid atmosphere and typical characteristics of sounding lidars.

The possibility of applying the methods of nonparametric analysis to results of measuring the ecological indicators of water bodies is considered. The expediency of using nonparametric criteria for samples of small size in analysis of hydrological and ecological data is shown. A method is proposed for calculating nonparametric criteria for assessing homogeneity of time series of the environmental indicators of water resources.

The problem of one of the sections of hydromechanics - hydrostatics is considered in detail, the problem of the hydrostatic stability of canal walls is investigated. The equations of fluid motion are theoretically investigated using mathematical methods. Equations of motion of an ideal fluid are given and integrated for this problem. A mathematical method is applied to isolate the total differential, which allows one to obtain a formula for calculating the fluid pressure exerted on the canal wall. Results of the study of the retaining wall stability depending on its thickness and water level in the canal are presented. The resulting patterns are illustrated graphically. The formulas and graphs given in the article make it possible to highlight the range of possible values for the canal wall height depending on the water level in the canal. An increase in the wall stability with an increase in its thickness is shown, which enables correction of the area of possible geometric characteristics of the retaining wall. The results obtained can be used to calculate the strength of the walls of canals, reservoirs and dams, as well as during their superstructure during a sudden rise in the water level.

A solution to the problem of ecological monitoring of the port water area using a distributed system of sensors of various physical nature with centralized control is presented. The effective location of the sensors in the monitored area must satisfy the requirements of full coverage of the area by the sensor sensitivity zones and the specified accuracy of determining the location of the observation object. An algorithm for determining the coverage area by sensors of the monitoring responsibility area is proposed. Mathematical expressions are given to determine the necessary density of the sensors network.

The widespread use of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) has made possible to identify the dangers of its use. In the merchant shipping GNSS are only positioning device and any its interruptions becomes high threat to the safety of navigation. A solution to the problem by using celestial navigation is proposed. A new method for measuring the height of a celestial body based on processing of a digital photograph of the sky is considered. Mathematical models and computational algorithms for photos processing are described, and the results of their testing with imitation examples are presented..

A prototype of a small-sized underwater vehicle designed to control the performance of underwater technical works is proposed. The structure of a durable and lightweight body of an underwater vehicle with elements of motion, power, and control is implemented using 3D printing technology. A software is developed to control the underwater vehicle movement, underwater survey, reception and transmission of information. Results of mathematical modeling of the underwater vehicle movement parameters in aquatic environment are presented. Tasks for correcting the characteristics of the existing structure and further verification tests are defined.