A software emulator of an educational digital computer and a software simulator of an educational digital processor are proposed, ensuring the development of the basic principles of construction and operation of computer equipment implemented in the laboratory simulator “Educational Digital Computer”. Modern processors, microprocessors and their software are extremely complex objects to study and practically master. One of the main directions in overcoming this problem in universities is the use of simulators and software models of educational computers at the initial stages of teaching the basics of information technology. The proposed software models, provided with comparative simple and a clear visual interface, help students successfully master the basic concepts of computer organization and architecture, such as command system, command and data formats, data representation, addressing methods, and the basics of special number coding.

Geomagnetic pulsations, which usually mean a change in the strength of the geomagnetic field in different frequency ranges depending on time and various factors, can be formally represented as magnetohydrodynamic waves in the near-Earth plasma. On the Earth’s surface, geomagnetic pulsations can be isolated from ultra-low-frequency electromagnetic oscillations recorded, for example, in geomagnetic observatories. Geomagnetic pulsations contain various information, for example, about environmental parameters in the areas of their generation; about the features of the development of geomagnetic storms and substorms. The features of working with one of the most common types of geomagnetic pulsations — type Pc4, with an oscillation period of 45–150 s, are analyzed. The processed data is obtained from the international INTERMAGNET network. Since the volume of such data exceeds the amount of computer RAM, BigData technologies implemented in the MATLAB environment are used.

Navigation is the core of mobile robot applications, but traditional configurations have great difficulties in dealing with dynamic human factors. This means that new service robots must not only undertake the task of autonomous navigation, but also be good at social interaction and consider harmonious coexistence with others. This paper designs a social navigation based on improving the comfort of human–robot interaction. The social space costs and constraints are modeled using asymmetric Cauchy functions, and predictions are made using human–human or human–robot interaction, and pedestrian encounters are considered. The difference in the degree of attention paid to oneself, front, rear, left, and right when encountering obstacles or pedestrians establishes the benchmark for the corresponding model. On this basis, a map cost function is constructed, which can use different constraints on the path and specify that the robot does not enter certain spaces, or enter specific spaces under certain circumstances. The A* and jump algorithms were modified based on the map cost function, and experiments were conducted in MATLAB. The experimental results show that the designed social comfort navigation can effectively realize the function, pedestrians’ personal space is guaranteed, and goal-oriented intentionality is understood by the robot. Understanding, coexistence and adaptability of mobile service robots are significantly improved.

The results of the synthesis of an algorithm for optimal signal detection, consisting in alternating conversion of received signals in time and compensation of the interference signal during accumulation in the filter, are presented. The physical basis of the synthesis is the differences between the time-frequency characteristics of the signals reflected from the DC and the Earth’s surface, manifested in the time shift of the maxima of the useful and interference signals with equal Doppler frequency shifts. The processing algorithm consists in comparing the module of the weight integral with the threshold. A block diagram of the optimal detector has been developed. The dependences of the amplitude-normalized weight vector of optimal processing over time are considered. An assessment of the potential detection characteristics of moving targets has been carried out. It is shown that when detecting low-speed moving targets, there are optimal scanning speeds at which the probability of correct detection is maximum.

Learning from demonstration approach is gaining interest for programming robot sensory-motor skills. At the same time, most of the works are addressing manipulation scenarios with position-based control, while various application domains and work in dynamic environment require safe and stable physical interaction where assessing proper force/torque profile along motion is crucial. This study is aimed at developing experiment planning and data collection and processing procedure for training robot behavior priors for dynamic interaction tasks. We fuse motion capture and force-torque sensory data within robot-out-of-loop setting to train Gaussian Mixture Model/Gaussian Mixture Regression (GMM/GMR) model as a reference motion generator that takes time and material label as inputs and outputs predicted end-effector’s pose, twist, and interaction wrench vectors. For the case-study we considered experiment setting of cutting three different materials like penoplex, cork, and PVC resulting in 120 demonstrations in total (40 for each material). Algorithms for data processing, GMM/GMR model training and verification have been introduced. We achieved RMSEs of 7.12 and 10.69 % for twist and pose predictions respectively and RMSE of 14.33 % for power estimates as a metric to illustrate how accurate twistwrench correspondences have been captured by our model, which is important for interaction tasks.

The purpose of the work is to solve the problem of studying and calculating the parameters of a curved photosensitive surface of the receiver, consistent with a normal lens. Normal lenses it is lenses with a certain image field of medium size. An option has been proposed for the implementation of a photosensitive surface of a curved receiver for a normal lens. Lens lenses with different image surface shapes are analyzed. Using the least squares method, we obtained an equation for the approximating function of the curve corresponding to the shape of the image surface of the selected lens. Using the developed diagrams of object deformation, the strength characteristics of the photosensitive surface of a curved receiver were assessed. Compared with the flat form, the new form of the photosensitive surface expands the range of achieving the best image quality in an optical-electronic device. The curved photosensitive surface of the receiver makes it possible to reduce the influence of field curvature aberration in the selected lens and reduce the size of scattering spots at the edge of the field by half. The results of numerical modeling will find their application in the design of technology for manufacturing a curved photosensitive surface, as well as when agreeing on the permissible values of deviations that appear during the development process. The sequence of calculating the parameters of the curved photosensitive surface of the receiver can be used in the design of optical systems and receiving modules. The proposed method allows us to simplify the solution to the problem of creating an image on the photosensitive surface of the receiver and reduce the influence of field curvature without the use of lens compensators.

Методом спектрального анализа исследованы оптические параметры голографических носителей информации, полученных от разных производителей. В научной практике для голографии используют такие регистрирующие среды (фотопластинки и фотопленки), которые обеспечивали высокоточные информативные результаты экспериментов. Приведены оптическая схема автоматизированного спектрометра, представлены его технические характеристики. Получены спектральные зависимости коэффициента поглощения от длины световой волны. Проанализированы экспериментальные результаты и даны рекомендации по использованию данных фотоматериалов.

The work is devoted to the development of methods for measering the threshold sensitivity of pyroelectric receivers, that allow minimizing instrumental measurement errors. Experimental confirmation of the possibility of measuring the threshold sensitivity of pyroelectric receivers with a compact measurement scheme using a projection system such as a camera obscura.

This article discusses a new version of a ball flow meter for an electrically conductive liquid with four electrodes and a balanced circuit, thereby achieving the initial balance of the converter circuit. The results of development work on the creation of ball flowmeters of electrically conductive liquid for automation of production processes and the social sphere of the economy are presented; the use of such flowmeters in the food and pharmaceutical industries, heat meters and thermal power engineering is especially promising. The developed ball flowmeters of electrically conductive liquid have a common design feature. They use a ball with zero buoyancy in the measured liquid and a helical jet guide apparatus with a coaxially located annular channel. The configuration of the jet guide apparatus is designed in such a way as to minimize energy losses of the moving fluid and prevent breakdowns and turbulence of the fluid at the entrance to the annular channel. The electronic circuit of the primary flow transducer generates an output signal in the form of a rectangular pulse repetition rate proportional to the liquid flow rate.

The possibility of using a new material — armored glassceramics for manufacture of mirror optical elements and structural elements designed to protect optoelectronic devices against mechanical damage by high–speed objects is presented in the article. The technology of armored glass ceramics manufacture and conducted experiments are considered. Conclusions are drawn regarding the possible technological advancement to obtain armor glassceramics transparent in the visible and near infrared (IR) ranges of the spectrum.